How to assess the impacts of climate change in Vietnam? How to assess vulnerability and risks of climate change in Vietnam?

How to assess the impacts of climate change in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Clause 6 Article 7 of the Circular 01/2022/TT-BTNMT stipulating as follows:

a) Identify, screen and determine types of climate change impacts based on assessment subjects, climate change scenarios and contents to be performed, including positive, negative, short-term and long-term effects;

b) Investigate, collect and consolidate information used for determining climate change impacts in the past, including information on natural, economic and social systems of the assessment subjects specified in Clause 1 Article 6 of this Circular.

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate information used for forecasting effects of climate change in the future, including data and maps of factors included in climate change scenarios; information and maps showing development plans (including land use maps, population and urban development plans, and infrastructure development plans), and other relevant information;

d) Analyze and determine positive, negative, short-term and long-term effects of climate change on assessment subjects.

How to assess vulnerability and risks of climate change in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Clause 7 Article 7 of the Circular 01/2022/TT-BTNMT stipulating as follows:

a) Determine hazards to the assessment subjects on the basis of analysis of negative effects of climate change;

b) Determinate attribute components of hazards, exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity which must be suitable for the scope and subjects of assessment and ensure the representation and feasibility.

Attribute components of hazards shall be determined according to climate change factors (including temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, and extreme climate events) which may negatively affect the assessment subject.

Attribute components of exposure shall be determined according to the level of exposure (positions) of the assessment subject to negative effects of climate change.

Attribute components of sensitivity shall be determined according to climate factors which significantly affect the assessment subject.

Attribute components of adaptive capacity shall be determined according to the relevant organization's ability, technical and financial capacity, and other factors;

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate relevant information for determining attribute components of sensitivity, adaptive capacity, hazards and exposure;

d) Normalize values of the selected attribute components to 0-1 range. Each attribute component shall be normalized within the spatial scope and on the basis of positive or negative relationship between components to be normalized and the vulnerability or risk indicator for determining and employing appropriate normalization formula;

dd) Determine weighing factor of each attribute component based on the importance of that attribute component;

e) Determine the vulnerability based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity; determine risks based on hazards, exposure and vulnerability. Detailed guidelines for selection and determination of attribute components of vulnerability and risks caused by climate change are provided in Appendix I.1 enclosed herewith;

g) Consolidate and, based on assessment values normalized to the 0-1 range, classify vulnerability and risks into 05 levels as follows: very low, low, average, high or very high;

h) Map the vulnerability and risks caused by climate change to each assessment subject for each type of hazards according to technical regulations on measurement and mapping.

How to assess loss and damage caused by climate change in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Clause 8 and 9, Article 7 of the Circular 01/2022/TT-BTNMT stipulating as follows:

8. Assess loss and damage caused by climate change

a) Determine economic and non-economic loss and damage to natural, economic and social systems following to the rule that loss and damage must be identifiable, direct and measured in terms of volume and extent of loss and damage.

Economic loss and damage shall be applied to the economic system, including attribute components of production, trading and services, infrastructure facilities, housing and property, income, employment and others.

Non-economic loss and damage shall be applied to natural and social systems. With regard to natural system, attribute components include land loss due to flooding, landslides, soil salinity, biodiversity loss, ecosystem decline and others. With regard to social system, attribute components include damage to people, health, traditional knowledge, cultural heritage and others;

b) Investigate, collect and consolidate information/data on loss and damage caused by climate change in the past. Information/data to be investigated and collected include occurrence time, volume, level/extent of damage, remedial costs and other relevant information;

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate information/data on loss and damage caused by climate change in the future for the periods determined according to assessment objectives. Information/data to be investigated and collected include estimated volume, level/extent of loss and damage;

d) Calculate and analyze economic loss and damage in the past and in the future according to subjects, and loss and damage components determined.

Value of loss or damage to each attribute component shall be calculated adopting the following formula:

L = D x C

Where:

L is the value of loss or damage in cash (VND);

D is the volume of loss or damage;

C is the price or costs of restoring a loss or damage unit to initial state before it has been affected by climate change.

Values of loss and damage in the past and in the future should be converted into equivalent values at the assessment time using an appropriate discount ate. The discount rate shall be selected on the basis of the real return of a market investment, inflation rate and risk offsetting rate. Average values of these rates shall be calculated on the basis of data obtained in the period of at least 05 years before the assessment date;

dd) Analyze economic loss and damage in the past and in the future according to subjects and loss and damage components through description and assessment of determined loss and damage types;

e) Consolidate results and determine economic and non-economic loss and damage to the assessment subject;

g) Detailed guidelines for determination of loss and damage caused by climate change are provided in Appendix I.2 enclosed herewith.

9. Prepare reports on climate change impact assessment.

Best regards!